Spelling

Basic rules of Polish spelling

1. a bit about the relationship between letters and sounds in Polish
2. the special Polish characters

Consonant clusters with "z"

1. which consonants combine with "z" to make new sounds

Soft consonants and their spellings

1. when to use the soft consonants with acute accents: "ć", "ń", "ś", and "ź"
2. when to create the same sound by combining the consonants with an "i"

"U" and "ó"

1. when to spell the "u" sound with a "u", and when to spell it with an "ó"

Spelling foreign words

1. that foreign words are usually respelled to comply with Polish spelling conventions
2. how the "x" and "v" sounds are spelled in Polish

Capitalization

1. that nouns are usually left uncapitalized
2. when words are capitalized

Using abbreviations

1. a few rules about abbreviating words
2. how endings are added to abbreviated words

Punctuation

1. that Polish punctuation slightly differs from English punctuation
2. how the dash is used in Polish